Abstract

Vascular atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the entire vascular system, poses a significant health challenge globally. Among its manifestations, peripheral arterial disease stands out as a prominent example. This review examines the intricate pathology of vascular atherosclerosis, with a particular focus on lipid abnormalities, matrix metabolism, genetic factors, and thrombosis. Understanding these critical elements sheds light on the mechanisms underlying vascular disease and informs strategies for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.