Abstract

Sleep apnea, particularly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is a prevalent condition characterized by repeated episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep. Growing evidence suggests a strong association between sleep apnea and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure, and stroke. This article aims to explore the mechanisms underlying this relationship, the implications of sleep apnea on cardiovascular health, and clinical interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risk. A better understanding of the pathophysiological links between sleep apnea and cardiovascular outcomes can facilitate more effective prevention and treatment strategies.