Abstract

Neuroinflammation has emerged as a significant factor in the progression of cognitive decline, with evidence suggesting its role in various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and age-related cognitive impairment. This article reviews the current understanding of the relationship between neuroinflammation and cognitive decline, focusing on how inflammation within the brain contributes to synaptic dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and memory impairment. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, play a crucial role in both initiating and maintaining neuroinflammatory responses. The activation of microglia, coupled with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and neurotoxic factors, has been implicated in neuronal damage and cognitive dysfunction [1]. Recent findings also highlight the involvement of peripheral immune cells and systemic inflammation in exacerbating neuroinflammation. The review explores the molecular pathways involved, current experimental evidence, and potential therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating the effects of neuroinflammation on cognitive decline.