Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa) stands as a cornerstone of global agriculture, feeding more than half of the world’s population. The comprehensive study of rice genetics has been instrumental in shaping the way we cultivate and utilize this vital crop. This article provides an insightful exploration into the genetic landscape of rice, delving into its historical roots, the pivotal genes governing its traits, and the profound implications of this genetic knowledge for future rice breeding and enhancement. From the pivotal GS3 gene that regulates grain size to the Sub1A gene providing flood tolerance, and the Xa21 gene offering disease resistance, we uncover the genetic underpinnings that drive rice’s adaptability and productivity. Moreover, we discuss the transformative impact of this genetic understanding on rice breeding practices, including the potential of cutting-edge molecular techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 for precision genetic manipulation. As we deepen our comprehension of rice genetics, we move toward a future where rice remains an essential source of sustenance for our growing global population, fortified by science and innovation.