Abstract

Coral reefs, often referred to as the “rainforests of the sea,” are among the most bio diverse and economically valuable ecosystems on the planet. However, these fragile underwater ecosystems face an existential threat due to the ongoing phenomenon of ocean acidification, driven by the absorption of excess atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by seawater. This critical review article explores the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems. It synthesizes key findings from recent research and highlights the multifaceted consequences of rising acidity levels on coral health, biodiversity, and the broader ecological and socio-economic implications. Furthermore, this review discusses potential mitigation and adaptation strategies and underscores the urgent need for global action to address this pressing environmental crisis.