Abstract

Pulmonary disorders encompass a diverse array of conditions affecting the respiratory system, ranging from acute infections to chronic diseases with multifactorial etiologies. These disorders pose significant challenges to public health worldwide, contributing to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic interventions is crucial for effective management and improved outcomes. This comprehensive review provides an overview of common pulmonary disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, interstitial lung diseases, pulmonary hypertension, and lung cancer. Each disorder is examined in detail, discussing its epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and current treatment strategies. Additionally, emerging research trends and novel therapeutic approaches are explored, highlighting the evolving landscape of pulmonary medicine. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying gaps in understanding, this review aims to facilitate advancements in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of pulmonary disorders, ultimately improving patient care and public health outcomes.

Pulmonary disorders represent a diverse array of conditions affecting the respiratory system, ranging from acute infections to chronic diseases with multifaceted etiologies. These disorders pose significant challenges to global public health, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic interventions for pulmonary disorders is crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes. This comprehensive review explores the spectrum of pulmonary disorders, encompassing infectious, obstructive, restrictive, and vascular diseases. It delves into the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and current treatment strategies for common pulmonary ailments, including but not limited to pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), pulmonary embolism, and lung cancer. Additionally, emerging trends in research and therapeutics are discussed, highlighting advancements in precision medicine, immunotherapy, and gene editing technologies that hold promise for revolutionizing the management of pulmonary disorders in the future.