Abstract

Systemic diseases encompass a range of disorders that affect multiple organs and systems within the body, often involving complex pathophysiological adaptations. Understanding these adaptations at the molecular level is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. This article explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. It delve into the molecular pathways and cellular processes involved in disease progression and adaptation. Furthermore, the article discusses current and emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting these molecular mechanisms to improve patient outcomes. By bridging the gap between molecular mechanisms and clinical applications, this review highlights the importance of a multifaceted approach to managing systemic diseases and offers insights into future research directions.