Abstract

Neonatal anemia is a condition characterized by a lower-than-normal level of hemoglobin or red blood cells in a newborn, leading to inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissues. It can arise from a variety of causes, including blood loss (e.g., fetomaternal hemorrhage, placental abruption), hemolysis (due to conditions like Rh incompatibility or hereditary spherocytosis), and impaired red blood cell production (as seen in congenital infections or bone marrow failure syndromes). The clinical presentation of neonatal anemia varies based on the severity and onset of the condition. Symptoms may range from pallor, tachycardia, and poor feeding in mild cases to lethargy, heart failure, and shock in severe cases.