Abstract

This research article embarks on a comprehensive exploration of legal theory, delving into its historical evolution, key concepts, and diverse schools of thought that have shaped its development. Tracing its roots from ancient civilizations to contemporary debates, the study aims to unravel the complexities surrounding the nature of law, its sources, and its relationship with morality. By scrutinizing prominent legal philosophies such as positivism, natural law, legal realism, and critical legal studies, the article seeks to provide a nuanced understanding of the theoretical frameworks that underpin legal systems globally. The investigation extends to pivotal debates between legal positivism and natural law, the emergence of legal realism as a response to formalism, and the critical perspectives offered by the school of critical legal studies. Additionally, the study explores contemporary discussions on multiculturalism, feminism, and the evolving intersectionality of law. This in-depth analysis ultimately offers readers a comprehensive overview of the dynamic and evolving landscape of legal theory, urging continued engagement with its diverse and intellectually enriching perspectives.