Abstract

Breast cancer remains a major global health challenge, particularly in its aggressive and metastatic forms. Immunotherapy, which leverages the body's immune system to combat cancer cells, has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. This article explores the evolving role of immunotherapy in breast cancer treatment, focusing on key approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. While immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown success in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), challenges persist in overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and resistance mechanisms. This review highlights current advancements, including the potential of combination therapies and biomarker-driven approaches, while addressing the limitations of heterogeneity and immune-related adverse events. As research progresses, immunotherapy holds the potential to transform the treatment landscape for breast cancer, offering hope for curative interventions and improved patient outcomes.