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Hindi Research Article
Exome Sequencing of Extended Families with Alzheimer's Disease Identifies Novel Genes Implicated in Cell Immunity and Neuronal Function
Holly NC1,2†, Brian WK1†, Kara L Hamilton N1, Sophie R1, Martin AK1, Patrice LW1, James MJ1, Jeffery MV1,3, Michael LC1,3, Regina MC1,4, John RG1,3, Lindsay AF5, Eden RM1,3, Gary WB1,3, Jonathan LH5,6 and Margaret A Pericak V1,2,3*11John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
22Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
33John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
44Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences Service, Miami Veterans Affairs, Miami, FL, USA
5Departments of Medicine, Neurology, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Genomics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
6Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- *Corresponding Author:
- Pericak VMA
John T. Macdonald Foundation
Department of Human Genetics
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Miami, FL, USA
Tel: 3052432308
Fax: 3052432396
E-mail: mpericak@med.miami.edu
Received date: June 16, 2017; Accepted date: July 24, 2017; Published date: July 31, 2017
Citation: Holly NC, Brian WK, Hamilton NKL, Sophie R, Martin AK, et al. (2017) Exome Sequencing of Extended Families with Alzheimer’s Disease Identifies Novel Genes Implicated in Cell Immunity and Neuronal Function. J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism 7:355. doi:10.4172/2161-0460.1000355
Copyright: © 2017 Holly NC, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Objective: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which more than 20 genetic loci have been implicated to date. However, studies demonstrate not all genetic factors have been identified. Therefore, in this study we seek to identify additional rare variants and novel genes potentially contributing to AD. Methods: Whole exome sequencing was performed on 23 multi-generational families with an average of eight affected subjects. Exome sequencing was filtered for rare, nonsynonymous and loss-of-function variants. Alterations predicted to have a functional consequence and located within either a previously reported AD gene, a linkage peak (LOD>2), or clustering in the same gene across multiple families, were prioritized. Results: Rare variants were found in known AD risk genes including AKAP9, CD33, CR1, EPHA1, INPP5D, NME8, PSEN1, SORL1, TREM2 and UNC5C. Three families had five variants of interest in linkage regions with LOD>2. Genes with segregating alterations in these peaks include CD163L1 and CLECL1, two genes that have both been implicated in immunity, CTNNA1, which encodes a catenin in the cerebral cortex and MIEF1, a gene that may induce mitochondrial dysfunction and has the potential to damage neurons. Four genes were identified with alterations in more than one family include PLEKHG5, a gene that causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and THBS2, which promotes synaptogenesis. Conclusion: Utilizing large families with a heavy burden of disease allowed for the identification of rare variants co-segregating with disease. Variants were identified in both known AD risk genes and in novel genes.
