Abstract

Cosmeceuticals are defined as agents claiming to have medicinal properties, example anti-ageing etc. These are supported with weak clinical data. A Fitzpatrick skin type II usually burns and tans minimally. At the age of 55, sundamaged females would have lost a fair bit of collagen and elastin from their dermis layer. Pigmentation with freckles and solar lentigosis are common, especially amidst sun exposure and lack of a good skincare regimen. Skin tends to be drier and more prone to erythema, due to weakening of the stratum corneum skin barrier and inflammation. Therefore, it is vital to commence a long term skin care maintenance regimen to improve skin appearance and reduce further photo-damage. Toxins target the muscle layer and help reduce dynamic rhytides, while cosmeceuticals would improve the static rhytides. Fillers help replace lost volume in the subcutaneous layer, most commonly in the deep fat compartments of the face. This leaves the epidermis and dermis layer, which can be improved with cosmeceuticals.

Keywords: Rhytides; Neurotransmitter; Melanosome; Corneum; Rosacea