Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the total emissions across the lifecycle of heavy-duty vehicles fueled by liquefied natural gas (LNG), encompassing all stages from production to consumption. Liquefied natural gas has gained attention as a cleaner alternative to traditional diesel fuel, particularly for transportation applications. However, to understand its true environmental impact, it is essential to examine emissionsthroughout the entire lifecycle. This study employs a lifecycle assessment (LCA) methodology to analyze emissions associated with natural gas extraction, processing, transportation, vehicle manufacturing, operation, and end-of-life disposal or recycling.