Abstract

Eutrophication, the process of nutrient enrichment in aquatic ecosystems, is a growing concern for fish farming operations worldwide. The influx of excess nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, from agricultural runoff, wastewater, and fish farm effluents can lead to the overgrowth of algae and aquatic plants, disrupting water quality and affecting fish health. This paper explores the effects of eutrophication on water quality and fish farm productivity, emphasizing how nutrient imbalances can compromise oxygen levels, promote harmful algal blooms (HABs), and increase the risk of fish diseases. Poor water quality due to eutrophication can lead to reduced fish growth rates, higher mortality, and lower overall farm productivity. Additionally, the accumulation of organic matter in the water increases the costs of water treatment and necessitates more frequent pond management interventions. The paper also discusses the broader environmental implications of eutrophication, including the potential for nutrient cycling disruption and ecosystem degradation in surrounding aquatic habitats. Strategies to mitigate the effects of eutrophication in fish farming such as improving nutrient management, adopting integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems, and implementing better waste treatment practices are also explored. This study underscores the importance of sustainable practices to manage eutrophication, enhance fish farm productivity, and safeguard the health of aquatic ecosystems.