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  • Research Article   
  • J Pharmacokinet Exp Ther, Vol 6(3): 145
  • DOI: 10.4172/jpet.1000145

Esomeprazole Pharmacokinetics and Gastrin Rise in Healthy Males and Females after Single and Repeated Oral Doses

Evangelos Kalaitzakis*
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sahl grenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
*Corresponding Author : Evangelos Kalaitzakis, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden, Email: evanglos.kalaitzakis@vgregion.se

Received Date: Jun 02, 2022 / Accepted Date: Jun 21, 2022 / Published Date: Jun 28, 2022

Abstract

Olsalazine is a typical 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) drug that depends on gut microbiota to liberate its antiinflammatory moiety 5-ASA in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). In recent decades, 5-ASA drugs combined with probiotics have achieved a better effective treatment for UC. Mechanisms of combination therapy have been widely discussed from a pharmacodynamics perspective. However, it is still unclear whether the better therapeutic efficacy of combination therapy was made by changing the metabolism of 5-ASA drugs in the colon under the regulation of probiotics. In the present study, combined with pharmacokinetic and gut microbiota analyses, we systematically evaluated the potential effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) on the metabolism of Olsalazine at three levels (pharmacokinetic characteristics, metabolic microbiota, and metabolic enzymes) to offer some insights into this issue. As pharmacokinetic results showed, L. acidophilus barely had an influence on the pharmacokinetic parameters of Olsalazine, 5-ASA, and N-Ac-5-ASA. Notably, the colonic exposure of 5-ASA was not affected by L. acidophilus. Gut microbiota results also illustrated that L. acidophilus did not change the total abundance of azoreductase (azoR) and N-acetyltransferase (NAT) associated gut microbiota and enzymes, which are involved in the metabolism of Olsalazine. Both pharmacokinetic and gut microbiota results revealed that L. acidophilus did not increase the colonic exposure of 5-ASA to improve the efficacy of combination therapy. L. acidophilus played its role in UC treatment by regulating gut microbiota composition and amino acid, phenolic acid, oligosaccharide, and peptidoglycan metabolic pathways. There was no potential medication risk of combination therapy of Olsalazine and L. acidophilus. In summary, this research provided strong evidence of medication safety and a comprehensive understanding of therapeutic advantages for combination therapy of probiotics and 5-ASA drugs from the pharmacokinetic and gut microbiota perspectives.

Citation: Kalaitzakis E (2022) Esomeprazole Pharmacokinetics and Gastrin Rise in Healthy Males and Females after Single and Repeated Oral Doses. J Pharmacokinet Exp Ther 6: 145. Doi: 10.4172/jpet.1000145

Copyright: © 2022 Kalaitzakis E. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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