Abstract

Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in regulating gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. These modifications influence various biological processes, including development, differentiation, and disease. This review provides an in-depth examination of the different types of epigenetic modifications, their mechanisms, and their implications for health and disease. We explore key modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, and discuss their roles in gene regulation, cellular memory, and pathology. The review also highlights recent advances and future directions in epigenetic research.