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Hindi Environmental Toxicity of Textile Industrial Dyes and Treatment Strategies: Review
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Copyright: © 2021 . This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
The textile industry is a substantial consumer of water which produces huge volumes of contaminated water. Textile effluent is one of the most polluted waste water due to the large variety of dyes and harmful chemicals contained in it, which complicates further treatment of the textile effluent and severely affects the quality of water, micro flora, micro fauna of the environment, soil, livestock and human population. Synthetic dyes and their toxic substances have to be removed from the effluent before their discharging to the environments. Frequently applied treatment methods for color removal from textile effluents consist of integrated processes such as physical, chemical and biological methods. The physical and chemical methods are less efficient, costly, limited applicability and produce sludge which are difficult to dispose. The biological methods which is mediated by microbial consortium is more acceptable compared to physical and chemical methods since, it is low cost and eco-friendly. Microorganism such as bacteria, fungi, yeasts and algae play great role in decolorization of textile dyes by enzymatic actions of laccase, azoreductase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and manganese independent peroxidase. Factors which affects decolorization or biodegradation of textile dyes are temperature, pH and concentration of dyes. This review is mainly aimed to reflect the toxicity of textile effluents to the environments and the treatments strategies used to solve the pollution problem.
