Abstract

Environmental and occupational lung diseases pose significant challenges to public health worldwide, resulting from exposure to harmful substances in both natural and work environments. This comprehensive review examines the major types of lung diseases associated with environmental and occupational exposures, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), pneumoconiosis, and occupational asthma. The review explores the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and prevention strategies for each condition. Emphasis is placed on the impact of industrial processes, air pollution, and specific occupational hazards on respiratory health. By highlighting current knowledge and identifying gaps in research, this review aims to inform public health policies, improve preventive measures, and guide future research directions in the field of environmental and occupational lung diseases.