Abstract

Among all the subfields of biology, biotechnology developed as a science which was groundbreaking. The applications of biotechnology are ubiquitous in all areas of agriculture, animal husbandry, and human health. However, biotechnology methods are always accompanied with biohazards, which can have a negative impact on all living things, including people. Thus, the development of the theories and practices of biosafety and biosecurity is the result of a joint effort of the top organizations in this sector. The Middle Eastern countries are recognized as biotechnology leaders and have demonstrated a strong embrace of this discipline. Regretfully, nevertheless, the Middle East is the region most troubled by challenges which would be a cause for serious and obvious worry on both a national and worldwide scale.

The obstacles posed by wars and other violent conflicts, decreasing economic conditions, a sizable immigrant population, and the increasing incidence of several diseases. As a result, the area will be less equipped to manage the biological threats that surround it and will find it challenging to adopt a single health concept. Thus, the purpose of this article is to address possible biological hazards, whether purposeful or not, including biological assaults and bioterrorism, as well as to throw light on the biotechnology-related activities of the Middle Eastern nations. Natural biological risks include the spread of viruses. Based on information that is currently available, the article additionally shows the region's countries' capacities in the areas of biosafety and biosecurity. As a result, a number of countries may not have the necessary level of readiness to deal with possible biological threats.