Abstract

Animal welfare has emerged as a critical area of concern globally, reflecting societal values and ethical considerations regarding the treatment of animals across various contexts, including agriculture, research, and companion animal care. This article reviews current practices and explores future directions aimed at improving animal welfare. Key topics include legislative frameworks, advancements in animal welfare science, public perceptions, and the role of stakeholders in promoting humane treatment of animals. Additionally, challenges such as balancing welfare with economic considerations and cultural perspectives are discussed. The synthesis of current knowledge and identification of gaps aim to guide future research and policy initiatives to enhance the well-being of animals worldwide.