Abstract

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition characterized by the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation. Emerging therapies are redefining the management landscape, focusing on novel pharmacological agents, minimally invasive procedures, and lifestyle modifications. This review explores the latest therapeutic strategies, including the development of targeted medications that address underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, such as increased esophageal acid exposure and motility disorders. Furthermore, advances in endoscopic techniques and surgical interventions offer promising outcomes for refractory cases. Mechanistic insights into GERD pathogenesis, including the role of the gut microbiome and inflammation, are also discussed, highlighting their potential implications for future therapeutic targets. By integrating new knowledge and therapeutic modalities, clinicians can enhance treatment efficacy and improve quality of life for patients suffering from this prevalent gastrointestinal disorder.