Abstract

Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool in revolutionizing drug delivery systems, particularly in enhancing intracellular drug delivery efficiency. Nanoparticles offer unique advantages such as improved drug stability, prolonged circulation time, and targeted delivery to specific cells or tissues. This abstract explores the mechanisms underlying intracellular drug delivery by nanoparticles, including cellular uptake mechanisms, endosomal escape strategies, and stimuli-responsive release mechanisms. It further discusses the diverse clinical applications of these nanotechnologies, ranging from cancer therapy to neurological disorders and infectious diseases. Despite promising advancements, challenges such as biocompatibility, scalability, and regulatory approval hurdles need to be addressed for widespread clinical implementation. Future research directions aim to optimize nanoparticle design, enhance therapeutic efficacy, and ensure patient safety in personalized medicine approaches.

Nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of drug delivery by offering precise control over drug release, targeting, and pharmacokinetics. In particular, emerging nanotechnologies have shown tremendous promise in facilitating intracellular drug delivery, overcoming biological barriers that limit the efficacy of conventional therapeutics. This article explores the mechanisms and clinical applications of these cutting-edge nanotechnologies, highlighting their potential to transform patient care.