Abstract

Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Recent research has increasingly focused on the gut-brain axis (GBA), a bidirectional communication system between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS), as a key player in the development and progression of T2DM. This article reviews emerging insights into gut-brain axis dysregulation in T2DM, discussing mechanisms through which gut microbiota influences metabolic health and exploring novel therapeutic approaches. By examining current evidence and potential intervention strategies, this review aims to elucidate how targeting the gut-brain axis could offer innovative solutions for managing T2DM.