Abstract

The global landscape of infectious diseases has been continually evolving, presenting significant challenges to public health systems worldwide. The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases are influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including environmental changes, human-animal interactions, microbial adaptation, and the global movement of people and goods. This review article aims to highlight the recent trends in emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), explore the challenges faced by epidemiologists in tracking and controlling these diseases, and discuss the advancements and strategies required to enhance surveillance, prevention, and response efforts. By understanding these dynamics, the global health community can better prepare for and mitigate the impacts of these diseases.