Abstract

Emerging infections refer to diseases that have recently appeared in populations or whose incidence and geographic distribution are rapidly expanding. These infections pose significant risks to global health, often leading to economic instability and challenges for public health infrastructure. Key factors contributing to the emergence of infectious diseases include increased human mobility due to globalization, climate change, rapid urbanization, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and changes in agricultural practices. Globalization allows infectious diseases to spread quickly across borders, while climate change affects the distribution of disease-carrying vectors like mosquitoes. Rapid urbanization and population growth increase human-wildlife interactions, leading to zoonotic diseases that can cross species barriers, such as Ebola.Antimicrobial resistance is a critical concern, with misuse of antibiotics contributing to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains like MRSA and multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).