Abstract

Ecosystems, the intricate interplay of living organisms and their physical surroundings, form the bedrock of Earth’s biodiversity and ecological balance. This article explores the components, functions, and types of ecosystems, encompassing terrestrial, aquatic, and man-made environments. Investigating the threats posed by habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and resource overexploitation, the article emphasizes the importance of conservation and sustainable management. Conservation measures, including the establishment of protected areas and global collaboration, play a vital role in maintaining the resilience and diversity of ecosystems. The conclusion underscores the urgent need for collective action to preserve these complex systems, recognizing that the well-being of our planet and future generations hinges on the health and sustainability of ecosystems