Abstract

Ecology is a multidisciplinary field that explores the interactions between organisms and their environment. It examines the intricate relationships between living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, and their physical surroundings. The study of ecology encompasses various levels of biological organization, ranging from individuals and populations to communities and ecosystems. This abstract provides an overview of the fundamental concepts and key research areas in ecology, highlighting the importance of understanding ecological principles for addressing contemporary environmental challenges. The abstract also emphasizes the interconnectedness of ecological systems and the need for sustainable management practices to preserve and restore the balance of ecosystems.