Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography
Open Access

Review Article

Earth Summit: From Rio 1992 via Kyoto and Copenhagen, Back to Rio 2012

Department of Chemical Engineering, Koya University, Iraq

*Corresponding Author:

Farah Bani Affan
Department of Chemical Engineering
Koya University, Iraq
Tel: +964 748 012 7520
E-mail: farah.ayad@koyauniversity.org

Received Date: February 19, 2017; Accepted Date: March 24, 2017; Published Date: March 28, 2017

Citation: Affan FB (2017) Earth Summit: From Rio 1992 via Kyoto and Copenhagen, Back to Rio 2012. J Ecosyst Ecography 7: 229. doi: 10.4172/2157-7625.1000229

Copyright: © 2017 Affan FB. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

In early 1980s, a journal entitled 'Mountain Research and Development' flourished concerning 'sustainable development', in which cooperation at the regional and global levels among countries has launched, promoting it to become a highly significant tool for communicating. As a 'tool for communicating' the journal has attracted and gathered its scientific and political members with many countries 178 nations into the largest conference of the United Nations on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the 'Earth Summit', at Rio de Janeiro in 1992. A series of global meetings have been held since, regarding environmental issues, hopefully to reduce greenhouse emissions and protect the environment. The aim of this paper is to outline the main facts which have been discussed in four main conferences starting from Rio 1992, via Kyoto 1997, Copenhagen 2009, and ending up after 20 years at Rio for the second time. Due to the word limitation, this essay has focused on the climate change and environmental protection, whereas conserving biological diversity along with Agenda 21 has been left for future researches.

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