Abstract

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder linked to repetitive head trauma, commonly observed in athletes and individuals with a history of concussions. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the early onset and late symptoms of CTE in both youth and adult populations. We systematically analyze existing literature on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic challenges associated with CTE. Early onset symptoms of CTE often present as mood disturbances, cognitive impairments, and behavioral changes. These initial manifestations can be subtle and may resemble other psychiatric or neurodegenerative conditions, complicating early diagnosis. As the disease progresses, late-stage symptoms include severe cognitive decline, memory loss, and motor dysfunction, which significantly impair daily living activities. The review discusses the current state of diagnostic criteria, including neuroimaging and biomarker advancements, and highlights the need for improved early detection methods. Additionally, we explore the impact of CTE on quality of life and propose potential strategies for management and intervention. This review underscores the importance of ongoing research to better understand the onset, progression, and management of CTE, with the goal of enhancing patient outcomes and preventive measures.