Abstract

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are a common concern in clinical practice, with implications for both efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy. Understanding the mechanisms underlying DDIs, predicting their occurrence, and managing their clinical implications are paramount for optimizing patient care. This article provides an overview of the mechanisms of DDIs, including pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, and discusses approaches for predicting interactions, such as in vitro studies, in silico modeling, and clinical observation. The clinical implications of DDIs, including reduced efficacy, increased toxicity, and treatment complexity, are also explored. By integrating pharmacological knowledge, predictive tools, and clinical vigilance, healthcare professionals can mitigate the risks associated with DDIs and optimize therapeutic outcomes for patients.