Abstract

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are critical considerations in clinical pharmacology, influencing treatment efficacy, safety, and patient outcomes. These interactions can alter drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics through various mechanisms, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Understanding and managing DDIs are essential for optimizing therapeutic regimens and minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the mechanisms, clinical implications, and strategies for managing DDIs, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive medication management in ensuring safe and effective pharmacotherapy