Abstract

Distillation is a fundamental separation process used across various industries to purify liquids, separate components, and create valuable products like alcoholic beverages, fuels, and essential oils. This versatile technique relies on the principles of phase change and selective vaporization to separate substances based on their boiling points. In this article, we will explore the science behind distillation, its various applications, and its importance in everyday life. At its core, distillation exploits the differences in boiling points among the components of a liquid mixture. The process involves heating the mixture to its boiling point, causing the more volatile components to vaporize while leaving behind the less volatile ones. The vapor is then condensed back into a liquid to obtain the purified product. The mixture is heated in a container called a distillation flask or boiler.