Abstract

Obesity is a global health challenge associated with numerous co-morbidities, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Effective strategies for weight management are crucial in combating this epidemic. Among various dietary interventions, the role of protein intake has garnered significant attention in recent years. This review aims to critically evaluate the impact of dietary protein on obesity and its role in weight loss interventions.

Emerging evidence suggests that a higher protein intake can be beneficial in promoting satiety, reducing overall energy intake, and preserving lean body mass during calorie restriction. Additionally, protein-rich diets may enhance metabolic rate and improve insulin sensitivity, potentially facilitating greater fat loss. Moreover, the quality of protein sources, such as lean meats, fish, legumes, and dairy, may influence these outcomes, highlighting the importance of considering protein variety in dietary recommendations.

The mechanisms underlying the favorable effects of protein on weight management are multifaceted, involving hormonal regulation, thermogenesis, and alterations in gut microbiota composition. Furthermore, individual factors such as age, sex, and baseline metabolic health may modulate the impact of dietary protein on weight loss success. However, it is imperative to acknowledge potential caveats associated with high protein diets, including concerns related to kidney function in susceptible populations and sustainability in the long term. Striking a balance between protein intake, along with adequate consumption of essential nutrients, is crucial for overall health. In conclusion, dietary protein represents a valuable component of weight management strategies for individuals with obesity. Its incorporation into balanced, calorie-controlled diets may offer advantages in achieving and sustaining weight loss goals. Future research should continue to investigate the optimal protein intake for diverse populations, considering individualized approaches to maximize benefits while minimizing potential risks. This comprehensive understanding will contribute to more effective and personalized approaches to combat obesity and its associated health risks.