Abstract

Chromatography is a powerful analytical technique used to separate and identify the components of complex mixtures. It involves passing a sample through a stationary phase, which interacts with the components of the sample to varying degrees, causing them to be separated as they pass through the stationary phase. Chromatography can be used to separate a wide range of compounds, including small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids. There are many different types of chromatography, including gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography, each with its own strengths and limitations. Chromatography has many important applications in fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, environmental science, and pharmaceuticals. It is used to identify and quantify compounds in a sample, to purify molecules for further study, and to analyze the composition of complex mixtures. The development of new chromatographic techniques and instrumentation is expected to continue to advance our ability to analyze and understand complex mixtures and their properties.