Abstract

Microarray technology has revolutionized the field of molecular biology and genetics by enabling the simultaneous analysis of multiple biomolecules on a single lab-on-a-chip platform. Microarrays consist of a solid support, typically a glass slide or silicon chip, with thousands to millions of microscopic spots arranged in a grid pattern. Each spot contains probe molecules that selectively bind to specific biomolecules of interest. The sample, labelled with fluorescent or radioactive tags, is applied to the microarray, and the bound molecules are detected using specialized scanners or imaging systems. The resulting data is analyzed using bioinformatics tools to gain insights into gene expression patterns, genotyping, protein interactions, and biomarker discovery. Microarrays offer high-throughput capabilities, costeffectiveness, and the ability to analyze large sample sets simultaneously. Although newer technologies have emerged, microarrays remain valuable tools in molecular research and diagnostics.