Abstract

Dental implants’ early Osseo integration is associated to their long-term clinical success. This study examines the various processes through which biological fluids, cells, tissues, and implant surfaces interact. Implants come into contact with blood proteins and platelets right after implantation. The healing of the peri-implant tissue will thereafter depend on the development of Mesenchymal stem cells. Instead of fibrous tissue encapsulation, direct bone-to-implant contact is preferred for a biomechanical anchoring of implants to bone. An important factor in these biological interactions is the surface’s chemistry and roughness. Protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and differentiation may eventually be regulated by physicochemical properties in the nanometer range. Dental implants’ surfaces are increasingly being modified using nanotechnologies. Using thin calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings is another method to improve Osseo incorporation. On titanium implants, bioactive CaP Nano crystals are deposited, and they promote bone apposition and healing. The type of peri-implant tissues may eventually be directed by future nanometre-controlled surfaces, increasing their clinical success rate.