Abstract

Deficits in red blood cell enzymes can lead to a spectrum of neurological issues, ranging from mild cognitive impairment to severe neurological deficits. These enzymatic deficiencies disrupt crucial metabolic pathways, compromising energy production and neurotransmitter synthesis in the central nervous system. In this review, we explore the diverse neurological manifestations associated with deficits in key red blood cell enzymes, including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), pyruvate kinase (PK), and hexokinase (HK). We discuss the underlying pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for these conditions. Understanding the neurological consequences of red blood cell enzyme deficits is essential for timely diagnosis and intervention, ultimately improving outcomes for affected individuals.