Abstract

Schizophrenia is a multifaceted mental disorder characterized by profound disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior. Despite significant advances in neuroscience and psychology, the precise etiology and mechanisms underlying schizophrenia remain elusive. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research into schizophrenia, examining the interplay of genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors that contribute to its development. We explore current theories regarding the disorder's pathophysiology, including abnormalities in brain structure and function, neurotransmitter imbalances, and genetic predispositions. Additionally, the paper reviews contemporary diagnostic approaches and treatment modalities, highlighting both pharmacological and psychosocial interventions. By synthesizing these insights, the study seeks to enhance understanding of this complex disorder and identify potential avenues for future research and clinical practice.