Abstract

DNA mapping, extraordinary scientific endeavors, has revolutionized our understanding of genetics and the
potential for its applications in various fields. From the seminal discovery of the DNA double helix to the completion of
the Human Genome Project, this article traces the historical journey of DNA mapping. It delves into the techniques that
have transformed this field, including Sanger sequencing, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), and single-molecule
sequencing, highlighting their capabilities and implications. The applications of DNA mapping are vast, spanning
personalized medicine, genetic counseling, pharmaceutical development, forensic science, evolutionary biology,
anthropology, and genealogy. Yet, DNA mapping also raises ethical concerns, necessitating a delicate balance between
scientific progress and societal considerations. In conclusion, DNA mapping stands as a powerful tool, offering us
unparalleled insights into our genetic makeup and the potential to transform the future of medicine and science, with
ethical responsibilities guiding its evolution.