Abstract

Mucosal infections occur at critical interfaces between the host and external environment, involving intricate interactions between pathogens and epithelial cells. These infections can affect various mucosal surfaces, including those in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts. Understanding the complex dynamics at these epithelial interfaces is crucial for developing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. This article explores the mechanisms of mucosal infections, focusing on pathogen adhesion, immune responses, and the impact of epithelial cell function. We discuss the challenges in managing mucosal infections and highlight emerging research that aims to enhance our understanding and treatment of these infections. Insights into these interactions are essential for addressing both acute and chronic mucosal infections and improving overall mucosal health.