Abstract

Cytotoxicity assays are crucial tools in evaluating the potential toxic effects of compounds on living cells. These assays are used extensively in pharmacology, toxicology, and cancer research to assess the safety of new drugs, chemicals, or environmental agents. By measuring cell viability, growth, and function, cytotoxicity assays help identify harmful substances and determine safe dosage levels for therapeutic applications. This article explores various cytotoxicity assays, their mechanisms, applications, and limitations, providing a comprehensive overview of how they are employed in drug development, safety testing, and disease research.