Abstract

Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is a clinical condition characterized by the sudden accumulation of air in the pleural space without any traumatic injury. It is commonly seen in young, tall, and thin individuals and is associated with significant morbidity and potential mortality. This review aims to present the current approaches to diagnosing and managing spontaneous pneumothorax. Advances in imaging, particularly high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), have enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of SP. Management strategies include conservative observation, oxygen therapy, needle aspiration, and surgical interventions, depending on the severity and recurrence of the condition. The choice of treatment is often influenced by factors such as the patient’s clinical status, pneumothorax size, and recurrence history. In recurrent cases, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or pleurodesis is often recommended. Recent literature underscores the importance of personalized management plans, integrating both medical and surgical interventions. Early recognition and appropriate intervention can reduce complications and improve patient outcomes.