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Hindi Research Article
Culture-Independent Analysis of Bacterial Diversity during Bioremediationof Soil Contaminated with a Diesel-Biodiesel Blend (B10)S
| Luisa WM1, Letícia T1, Francielle B1, Raquel D2, Patricia Dörr de Q1, Kateryna Z3, Jennifer D2, Robson A4, Eric WT2, Ana Paul GF5, Flavio AOC1 and Fatima MB1* | |
| 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 500, Sarmento Leite Street, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil | |
| 2Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 1355 Museum Road, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700, USA | |
| 3Department of Ecology, Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Mail Stop 70A3317 Berkeley, CA 94720, USA | |
| 4Center of Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, 1734 Almirante Barroso, Pelotas, 96010-280, RS, Brazil. | |
| 5Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 7712, Porto Alegre, 90040-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil | |
| Corresponding Author : | Fatima MB Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul 500, Sarmento Leite Street, Porto Alegre, 90050-170, RS, Brazil E-mail: fatima.bento@ufrgs.br |
| Received September 16, 2015; Accepted October 07, 2015; Published October 10, 2015 | |
| Citation: Luisa WM, Letícia T, Francielle B, Raquel D, Patricia Dörr de Q, et al. (2015) Culture-Independent Analysis of Bacterial Diversity during Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated with a Diesel-Biodiesel Blend (B10)S. J Bioremed Biodeg 6:318. doi:10.4172/2155-6199.1000318 | |
| Copyright: © 2015 Luisa WM. This is an open-a ccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. | |
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Abstract
This study evaluated and compared the degradation of a B10 blend (90% diesel: 10% biodiesel) by native (autochthonous) soil bacteria and exogenous (allochthonous) bacteria. This experiment simulated a surface spill followed by different methods of bioremediation: natural attenuation, bioaugmentation with autochthonous or exogenous bacteria, and biostimulation. The bioremediation process in soil contaminated with B10 (at a rate of 36 g of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) kg-1 of soil) was evaluated for 28 days and analyzed by chromatography (degradation). The heterotrophic and degrading population and fuel mineralization (respirometry) were estimated. The abundance, composition, and diversity of the microbial community resulting from each treatment method were assessed with an ultra-high-throughput sequencing system (Illumina HiSeq). Samples were analyzed at three time points: 1, 15 and 28 days after the contamination. The natural attenuation strategy reduced TPHs by 19%, which suggests a degradation capability of the autochthonous microbial population even when not previously exposed to the contaminant. This genetic feature of the autochthonous population may be due to TPH-degrading plasmids and operons. In bioaugmentation with autochthonous and exogenous bacteria strategy, TPH degradation was similar to that in the other treatments. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Armatimonadetes were the most abundant phyla post remediation. Natural attenuation presented the highest Fisher’s [alpha] diversity index (at the genus level) at the 28th day post-spill.
