Abstract

Crop genetics and breeding are at the forefront of efforts to enhance agricultural productivity and address global food security challenges. This article explores the fundamental principles and recent advancements in the field of crop genetics and breeding for the purpose of achieving higher yields. Through selective breeding and modern molecular techniques, scientists and farmers aim to optimize crop traits such as yield potential, resistance to stressors, and nutrient efficiency. Genetic diversity plays a pivotal role in breeding programs, providing the raw material for creating resilient and high-yielding crop varieties. While these innovations hold promise, they also raise ethical and ecological considerations, emphasizing the need for responsible research and equitable distribution of benefits. Ultimately, the article highlights the potential of crop genetics and breeding as a powerful tool to sustainably meet the world’s growing food demands while recognizing the importance of addressing broader implications and ethical concerns in agricultural biotechnology.

Keywords: Crop genetics; Breeding; Agricultural productivity; Molecular techniques; Ecological considerations