Abstract

Effective pain management during surgical procedures is crucial for patient comfort, satisfaction, and overall outcomes. This article reviews the pharmacological strategies employed to control pain during surgery, including opioids, non-opioid analgesics, local anesthetics, and adjuvant medications. The review highlights the importance of a multimodal analgesic approach to optimize pain control while minimizing adverse effects. Recent advancements in pain management strategies and their implications for surgical practice are also discussed.