Abstract

Cancer cachexia is a debilitating syndrome characterized by weight loss, skeletal muscle wasting, and systemic inflammation, affecting a significant number of cancer patients. While the exact mechanisms underlying cancer cachexia remain elusive, emerging evidence suggests that neuroinflammation, involving the activation of immune cells within the central nervous system, plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. This review aims to explore the contribution of neuroinflammation to the development and progression of cancer cachexia. We discuss the release of cytokines and chemokines from tumor cells and immune cells, leading to CNS inflammation. Neuroinflammation disrupts normal neurotransmitter signaling, affects the hypothalamus, and induces peripheral nervous system dysfunction, all of which contribute to the development and perpetuation of cachexia. Understanding the role of neuroinflammation in cancer cachexia offers potential therapeutic targets for intervention and improving patient outcomes.