Abstract

The depletion of global fish stocks due to overfishing poses a severe threat to marine biodiversity, food security, and the livelihoods of millions of people who depend on fishing industries. To address this, sustainable harvesting practices and the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have emerged as crucial tools for the conservation of fish populations and the health of marine ecosystems. Sustainable harvesting seeks to balance the demand for fish with the capacity of ecosystems to regenerate, while MPAs offer a sanctuary for marine species to recover from fishing pressures. This article explores the significance of sustainable fishing practices and the role of MPAs in safeguarding fish stocks, focusing on their ecological, economic, and social impacts. We discuss various management strategies, challenges, and the global efforts required to ensure long-term sustainability of marine resources. The article also examines case studies of successful fisheries management and the effectiveness of MPAs in maintaining biodiversity and promoting recovery of overexploited fish species. Ultimately, the paper argues that a combination of sustainable harvesting, stricter regulations, and a greater expansion of MPAs is necessary to preserve global fish stocks for future generations.