Abstract

Biological threats pose a formidable challenge to global security, necessitating a sophisticated and comprehensive biodefense framework. This review article offers an in-depth exploration of biodefense strategies, unraveling the intricacies involved in preventing, mitigating, and responding to biological threats. Beginning with the critical role of early detection and surveillance, the review navigates through the realms of threat assessment, risk management, and the development of cutting-edge countermeasures. International collaboration and information sharing emerge as pivotal components, showcasing successful partnerships that enhance the collective ability to combat biological threats. The review extends its focus to public health preparedness, emphasizing the role of communities in building resilience. Ethical considerations and the responsible conduct of research are woven into the fabric of biodefense strategies. Looking ahead, the article discusses emerging trends and innovations that will shape the future of global biodefense. In consolidating a deep understanding of biodefense strategies, this review underscores the interconnected layers crucial for safeguarding public health and fortifying global security in an era of evolving biological threats