Abstract

Neurological examination is a comprehensive assessment of the nervous system, encompassing both the central and peripheral components. This examination is a crucial tool in the diagnosis and management of various neurological disorders, ranging from common conditions such as headaches and peripheral neuropathies to more complex and potentially life-threatening diseases like strokes and neurodegenerative disorders. A thorough neurological examination involves the systematic evaluation of cognitive function, cranial nerves, motor system, sensory system, reflexes, and coordination. The examination is performed by skilled healthcare professionals, typically neurologists, and involves a combination of clinical observation, patient history-taking and specific physical tests.

The cognitive assessment includes evaluating mental status, memory, attention, and language functions, providing insights into the integrity of the brain’s higher-order processing. Examination of cranial nerves assesses the function of individual nerves, revealing potential abnormalities related to vision, facial movements, hearing, and other sensory and motor functions. Motor system evaluation involves assessing muscle strength, tone, and coordination, aiding in the identification of motor neuron diseases, muscle disorders, or neuromuscular junction abnormalities. Sensory testing helps detect abnormalities in touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception, offering valuable information about peripheral nerve function.