Abstract

Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), characterized by reduced blood supply to the heart muscle, poses a significant global health challenge. This article comprehensively explores the causes, signs, evaluation, and management of IHD. The primary cause, atherosclerosis, is examined in conjunction with modifiable risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, and physical inactivity. Symptoms of IHD, including angina, shortness of breath, fatigue, and the critical indicator of a heart attack, are detailed to enhance recognition and prompt intervention. Diagnostic procedures, including electrocardiograms, stress testing, coronary angiography, and blood tests, are outlined for a thorough evaluation. The article also delves into diverse treatment options, ranging from lifestyle modifications to medications, interventional procedures, and surgical interventions like Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). By providing a comprehensive overview, this article aims to enhance understanding, facilitate early detection, and promote effective management of Ischemic Heart Disease, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and a reduction in the global burden of cardiovascular diseases.